CSS 网格布局


目录

    显示目录

CSS 网格布局模块提供了基于网格的布局系统,具有行和列,使设计网页变得更容易,而无需使用浮动和定位:

Header

Menu

Main

Right

Footer


自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.item1 { grid-area: header; }
.item2 { grid-area: menu; }
.item3 { grid-area: main; }
.item4 { grid-area: right; }
.item5 { grid-area: footer; }

.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    'header header header header header header'
    'menu main main main right right'
    'menu footer footer footer footer footer';
  gap: 10px;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-container > div {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0;
  font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Grid Layout</h1>

<p>The CSS Grid Layout Module offers a grid-based layout system, with rows and columns, making it easier to design web pages without having to use floats and positioning:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="item1">Header</div>
  <div class="item2">Menu</div>
  <div class="item3">Main</div>  
  <div class="item4">Right</div>
  <div class="item5">Footer</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>


网格布局必须有一个父元素,其 display 属性设置为 grid

网格容器的直接子元素自动成为网格项。

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自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.item1 {
  grid-row: 1;
  grid-column: 1;
}

.item2 {
  grid-row: 1;
  grid-column: 2;
}

.item3 {
  grid-row: 1;
  grid-column: 3;
}

.item4 {
  grid-row: 2;
  grid-column: 1;
}

.item5 {
  grid-row: 2;
  grid-column: 2;
}

.item6 {
  grid-row: 2;
  grid-column: 3;
}

.item7 {
  grid-row: 3;
  grid-column: 1 / span 3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item item1">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item item2">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item item3">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item item4">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item item5">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item item6">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item item7">7</div>
</div>

<p>A Grid Layout must have a parent element with the <em>display</em> property set to <em>grid</em>.</p>

<p>Direct child elements(s) of the grid container automatically becomes grid items.</p>

</body>
</html>

网格布局

CSS 网格布局模块提供基于网格的布局系统,具有行和列,使设计网页变得更容易,而无需使用浮动和定位。


浏览器支持

所有现代浏览器都支持网格属性。

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网格元素

网格布局由一个父元素和一个或多个子元素组成。

例子

<div 
  class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div 
  class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div 
  class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div 
  class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>
</div>

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自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}
.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Grid Elements</h1>

<p>A Grid Layout must have a parent element with the <em>display</em> property set to <em>grid</em> or <em>inline-grid</em>.</p>

<p>Direct child element(s) of the grid container automatically becomes grid items.</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>




显示属性

当 HTML 元素的 display 属性时,该元素将成为网格容器 被设定为 网格内联网格

例子

 .grid-container {
  
  display: grid;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>display: grid</h1>

<p>Use display: grid; to make a block-level grid container:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>


例子

 .grid-container {
  
  display: inline-grid;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: inline-grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>display: inline-grid</h1>

<p>Use display: inline-grid; to make an inline grid container:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>


网格容器的所有直接子级都会自动成为网格项


网格列

网格项的垂直线称为


网格行

网格项的水平线称为


网格间隙

每列/行之间的空间称为间隙

您可以使用以下属性之一调整间隙大小:

  • column-gap
  • row-gap
  • gap

例子

column-gap 属性设置列之间的间隙:

 .grid-container {
  
  display: grid;
  column-gap: 50px;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  column-gap: 50px;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The column-gap Property</h1>

<p>Use the <em>column-gap</em> property to adjust the space between the columns:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>


例子

row-gap 属性设置行之间的间隙:

 .grid-container {
  
  display: grid;
  row-gap: 50px;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  row-gap: 50px;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The row-gap Property</h1>

<p>Use the <em>row-gap</em> property to adjust the space between the rows:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>


例子

gap 属性是 row-gapcolumn-gap 属性:

 .grid-container {
  
  display: grid;
  gap: 50px 100px;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  gap: 50px 100px;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The gap Property</h1>

<p>Use the <em>gap</em> shorthand property to adjust the space between the columns and rows.</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>


例子

gap 属性也可用于设置行间距和 一个值的列间隙:

 .grid-container {
  
  display: grid;
  gap: 50px;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  gap: 50px;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-item {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
  padding: 20px;
  font-size: 30px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The gap Property:</h1>

<p>Use the <em>gap</em> shorthand property to adjust the space between the columns and rows:</p>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="grid-item">1</div>
  <div class="grid-item">2</div>
  <div class="grid-item">3</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">4</div>
  <div class="grid-item">5</div>
  <div class="grid-item">6</div>  
  <div class="grid-item">7</div>
  <div class="grid-item">8</div>
  <div class="grid-item">9</div>  
</div>

</body>
</html>



网格线

列之间的线称为列线。列线

行之间的线称为行线

将网格项放入网格容器时请参考行号:

例子

将网格项放置在列线 1 处,并让它在列线 3 上结束:

 .item1 {

    grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  gap: 10px;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-container > div {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.item1 {
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Grid Lines</h1>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="item1">1</div>
  <div class="item2">2</div>
  <div class="item3">3</div>  
  <div class="item4">4</div>
  <div class="item5">5</div>
  <div class="item6">6</div>
  <div class="item7">7</div>
  <div class="item8">8</div>  
</div>

<p>You can refer to line numbers when placing grid items.</p>

</body>
</html>


例子

将一个网格项放置在第 1 行,并让它在第 3 行结束:

 .item1 {

    grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 3;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.grid-container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
  gap: 10px;
  background-color: #2196F3;
  padding: 10px;
}

.grid-container > div {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0;
  font-size: 30px;
}

.item1 {
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Grid Lines</h1>

<div class="grid-container">
  <div class="item1">1</div>
  <div class="item2">2</div>
  <div class="item3">3</div>  
  <div class="item4">4</div>
  <div class="item5">5</div>
  <div class="item6">6</div>
  <div class="item7">7</div>
  <div class="item8">8</div>  
</div>

<p>You can refer to line numbers when placing grid items.</p>

</body>
</html>



所有 CSS 网格属性

column-gap

指定列之间的间隙

gap

row-gapcolumn-gap 属性的简写属性

grid

grid-template-rows 的简写属性, 网格模板列、网格模板区域、网格自动行、 grid-auto-columns 和 grid-auto-flow 属性

grid-area

指定网格项的名称,或者此属性是 grid-row-startgrid-column-startgrid-row 的简写属性-endgrid-column-end 属性

grid-auto-columns

指定默认列大小

grid-auto-flow

指定如何将自动放置的项目插入网格中

grid-auto-rows

指定默认行大小

grid-column

grid-column-startgrid-column-end 属性的简写属性

grid-column-end

指定网格项的结束位置

grid-column-gap

指定列之间间隙的大小

grid-column-start

指定网格项的起始位置

grid-gap

grid-row-gapgrid-column-gap 属性的简写属性

grid-row

grid-row-startgrid-row-end 属性的简写属性

grid-row-end

指定网格项的结束位置

grid-row-gap

指定行之间间隙的大小

grid-row-start

指定网格项的起始位置

grid-template

grid-template-rowsgrid-template-columns 的简写属性 和网格区域属性

grid-template-areas

指定如何使用命名网格项显示列和行

grid-template-columns

指定列的大小以及网格布局中的列数

grid-template-rows

指定网格布局中行的大小

row-gap

指定网格行之间的间隙