CSS 水平导航栏


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水平导航栏

有两种方法可以创建水平导航栏。使用 内联浮动列表项。

内联列表项

构建水平导航栏的一种方法是指定 <li> 元素 作为内联,除了上一页的“标准”代码之外:

例子

li
{
   
display: inline;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

li {
  display: inline;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


示例解释:

display: inline;

- 默认情况下,<li>元素是块元素。在这里,我们删除每个列表项之前和之后的换行符,以将它们显示在一行上

浮动列表项

创建水平导航栏的另一种方法是浮动 <li> 元素,并指定导航链接的布局:

例子

li
{
  float: left;
}

a
{
   
display: block;
    padding: 8px;
  background-color: 
#dddddd;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 8px;
  background-color: #dddddd;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<p><b>Note:</b> If a !DOCTYPE is not specified, floating items can produce unexpected results.</p>
<p>A background color is added to the links to show the link area. The whole link area is clickable, not just the text.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> overflow:hidden is added to the ul element to prevent li elements from going outside of the list.</p>

</body>
</html>


示例解释:

float: left;

- 使用 float 使块元素彼此相邻浮动

display: block;

- 允许我们指定填充(如果需要,还可以指定高度、宽度、边距等)

padding: 8px;

- 在每个 <a> 元素之间指定一些填充,以使它们看起来不错

background-color: #dddddd;

- 为每个 <a> 元素添加灰色背景颜色

提示:如果需要,可以将背景颜色添加到 <ul> 而不是每个 <a> 元素 全角背景颜色:

例子

ul
{
  background-color: #dddddd;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #dddddd;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<p>A background color is added to the list instead of each link to create a full-width background color.</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> overflow:hidden is added to the ul element to prevent li elements from going outside of the list.</p>

</body>
</html>



水平导航栏示例

创建一个具有深色背景颜色的基本水平导航栏,并在用户将鼠标移到链接上时更改链接的背景颜色:

例子

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
    overflow: 
hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}
li {
  
float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  
color: white;
  text-align: center;
  
padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change the link color to #111 (black) on hover */
li a:hover {
  background-color: 
#111;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover {
  background-color: #111;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


活动/当前导航链接

在当前链接中添加一个“active”类,让用户知道他/她在哪个页面:

例子

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


右对齐链接

通过将列表项向右浮动来右对齐链接 (float:right;):

例子

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  
<li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li style="float:right"><a 
class="active" href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li style="float:right"><a class="active" href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


边界分隔线

border-right 属性添加到 <li> 以创建链接分隔线:

例子

/* Add a gray right border to all list items, except the last item 
(last-child) */
li {
  border-right: 1px solid #bbb;
}

li:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

li {
  float: left;
  border-right:1px solid #bbb;
}

li:last-child {
  border-right: none;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li style="float:right"><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


固定导航栏

使导航栏保持在页面的顶部或底部,即使用户滚动页面时也是如此:

固定顶

ul {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {margin:0;}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<div style="padding:20px;margin-top:30px;background-color:#1abc9c;height:1500px;">
  <h1>Fixed Top Navigation Bar</h1>
  <h2>Scroll this page to see the effect</h2>
  <h2>The navigation bar will stay at the top of the page while scrolling</h2>

  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>


固定底

ul {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {margin:0;}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<div style="padding:20px;background-color:#1abc9c;height:1500px;">
  <h1>Fixed Bottom Navigation Bar</h1>
  <h2>Scroll this page to see the effect</h2>
  <h2>The navigation bar will stay at the bottom of the page while scrolling</h2>

  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
  <p>Some text some text some text some text..</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>


注意:固定位置可能无法在移动设备上正常工作。

灰色水平导航栏

带有细灰色边框的灰色水平导航栏的示例:

例子

ul {
  border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
  
background-color: #f3f3f3;
}
li a {
  color: 
#666;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
  background-color: #f3f3f3;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: #666;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #ddd;
}

li a.active {
  color: white;
  background-color: #04AA6D;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>


粘性导航栏

position: Sticky; 添加到 <ul> 以创建粘性导航栏。

粘性元素根据滚动位置在相对和固定之间切换。它相对定位,直到在视口中满足给定的偏移位置 - 然后它“粘”在适当的位置(如位置:固定)。

例子

 ul {
  position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */
  
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  font-size: 28px;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
  position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover {
  background-color: #111;
}

.active {
  background-color: #4CAF50;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h2>Scroll Down</h2>
  <p>Scroll down to see the sticky effect.</p>
</div>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>

<h3>Sticky Navigation Bar Example</h3>
<p>The navbar will <strong>stick</strong> to the top when you reach its scroll position.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Internet Explorer do not support sticky positioning and Safari requires a -webkit- prefix.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>

</body>
</html>


注意:Internet Explorer 不支持粘性定位。 Safari 需要 -webkit- 前缀(参见上面的示例)。您还必须至少指定 topright 之一底部左侧 粘性定位工作。



更多示例

响应式顶部导航

如何使用 CSS 媒体查询创建响应式顶部导航。

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {margin: 0;}

ul.topnav {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

ul.topnav li {float: left;}

ul.topnav li a {
  display: block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

ul.topnav li a:hover:not(.active) {background-color: #111;}

ul.topnav li a.active {background-color: #04AA6D;}

ul.topnav li.right {float: right;}

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  ul.topnav li.right, 
  ul.topnav li {float: none;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul class="topnav">
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li class="right"><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<div style="padding:0 16px;">
  <h2>Responsive Topnav Example</h2>
  <p>This example use media queries to stack the topnav vertically when the screen size is 600px or less.</p>
  <p>You will learn more about media queries and responsive web design later in our CSS Tutorial.</p>
  <h4>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</h4>
</div>

</body>
</html>


响应式侧导航

如何使用 CSS 媒体查询创建响应式侧边导航。

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
body {margin: 0;}

ul.sidenav {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 25%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  position: fixed;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
}

ul.sidenav li a {
  display: block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
 
ul.sidenav li a.active {
  background-color: #4CAF50;
  color: white;
}

ul.sidenav li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}

div.content {
  margin-left: 25%;
  padding: 1px 16px;
  height: 1000px;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {
  ul.sidenav {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    position: relative;
  }
  
  ul.sidenav li a {
    float: left;
    padding: 15px;
  }
  
  div.content {margin-left: 0;}
}

@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
  ul.sidenav li a {
    text-align: center;
    float: none;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul class="sidenav">
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<div class="content">
  <h2>Responsive Sidenav Example</h2>
  <p>This example use media queries to transform the sidenav to a top navigation bar when the screen size is 900px or less.</p>
  <p>We have also added a media query for screens that are 400px or less, which will vertically stack and center the navigation links.</p>
  <p>You will learn more about media queries and responsive web design later in our CSS Tutorial.</p>
  <h3>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</h3>
</div>

</body>
</html>


下拉导航栏

如何在导航栏中添加下拉菜单。

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  background-color:white;
}
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #38444d;
}

li {
  float: left;
}

li a, .dropbtn {
  display: inline-block;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a:hover, .dropdown:hover .dropbtn {
  background-color: red;
}

li.dropdown {
  display: inline-block;
}

.dropdown-content {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  min-width: 160px;
  box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  z-index: 1;
}

.dropdown-content a {
  color: black;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
  text-align: left;
}

.dropdown-content a:hover {background-color: #f1f1f1;}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
  display: block;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li class="dropdown">
    <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="dropbtn">Dropdown</a>
    <div class="dropdown-content">
      <a href="#">Link 1</a>
      <a href="#">Link 2</a>
      <a href="#">Link 3</a>
    </div>
  </li>
</ul>

<h3>Dropdown Menu inside a Navigation Bar</h3>
<p>Hover over the "Dropdown" link to see the dropdown menu.</p>

</body>
</html>