CSS 网站布局


目录

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网站布局

网站通常分为页眉、菜单、内容和页脚:

Header
Navigation Menu
Content
Main Content
Content

有大量不同的布局设计可供选择。然而,上面的结构是最常见的结构之一,我们将在本教程中仔细研究它。


标头

标题通常位于网站的顶部(或顶部导航菜单的正下方)。它通常包含徽标或网站名称:

例子

   .header {
  background-color: #F1F1F1;
  text-align: 
   center;
  padding: 20px;
}

结果

Header

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>CSS Website Layout</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Style the header */
.header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>Header</h1>
</div>

</body>
</html>




导航栏

导航栏包含一系列链接,可帮助访问者浏览您的网站:

例子

   /* The navbar container */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  
   background-color: #333;
}
/* Navbar links */
.topnav a {
  float: 
   left;
  display: block;
  color: 
   #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  
   padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

   /* Links - change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  
   background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

结果

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>CSS Website Layout</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Style the header */
.header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>Header</h1>
</div>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

</body>
</html>



内容

此部分的布局通常取决于目标用户。最常见的布局是 以下一项(或组合):

  • 1 列(通常用于移动浏览器)

  • 2 列(通常用于平板电脑和笔记本电脑)

  • 3 列布局(仅用于桌面)

1-column:

 

2-column:

 

3-column:

我们将创建一个 3 列布局,并在较小的屏幕上将其更改为 1 列布局:

例子

   /* Create three equal columns that float next to each other */
.column {
  
   float: left;
  width: 33.33%;
}
/* Clear floats after the 
   columns */
.row:after {
  content: "";
  
   display: table;
  clear: both;
}
/* Responsive 
   layout - makes the three columns stack on top of each other instead of next 
   to each other on smaller screens (600px wide or less) */
@media screen and (max-width: 
   600px) {
  .column 
   {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

结果

Column

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.

Column

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.

Column

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>CSS Website Layout</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Style the header */
.header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* Create three equal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
  float: left;
  width: 33.33%;
  padding: 15px;
}

/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

/* Responsive layout - makes the three columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width:600px) {
  .column {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>Header</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</p>
</div>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="column">
    <h2>Column</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column">
    <h2>Column</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column">
    <h2>Column</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
  </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>


提示:要创建 2 列布局,请将宽度更改为 50%。要创建 4 列布局,请使用 25% 等。

提示:您想知道@media 规则是如何运作的吗?阅读更多关于 它在我们的 CSS 媒体查询章节中。

提示:创建列布局的更现代方法是使用 CSS Flexbox。 但是,Internet Explorer 10 及更早版本不支持它。如果需要 IE6-10 支持,请使用浮动(如上所示)。

要了解有关灵活框布局模块的更多信息,请阅读我们的 CSS Flexbox 章节。


不等柱

主要内容是网站最大且最重要的部分。

列宽不等很常见,因此大部分空间 保留用于 主要内容。侧面内容(如果有)通常用作替代内容 导航或指定与主要内容相关的信息。根据需要更改宽度,只需记住它的总和应为 100%:

例子

   .column {
  float: left;
}
/* Left and right column */
   .column.side {
  width: 25%;
}
/* Middle column */
.column.middle 
   {
  width: 50%;
}
/* Responsive layout - makes 
   the three columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
   @media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column.side, .column.middle 
   {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

结果

Side

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit...

Main Content

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.

Side

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit...

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>CSS Website Layout</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Style the header */
.header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* Create three unequal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
  float: left;
  padding: 10px;
}

/* Left and right column */
.column.side {
  width: 25%;
}

/* Middle column */
.column.middle {
  width: 50%;
}

/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

/* Responsive layout - makes the three columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column.side, .column.middle {
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>Header</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</p>
</div>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="column side">
    <h2>Side</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column middle">
    <h2>Main Content</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column side">
    <h2>Side</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..</p>
  </div>
</div>
  
</body>
</html>



页脚

页脚位于页面底部。它常常包含 版权和联系信息等信息:

例子

   .footer {
  background-color: #F1F1F1;
  text-align: 
   center;
  padding: 10px;
}

结果

Footer

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>CSS Website Layout</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
}

/* Style the header */
.header {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* Create three unequal columns that floats next to each other */
.column {
  float: left;
  padding: 10px;
}

/* Left and right column */
.column.side {
  width: 25%;
}

/* Middle column */
.column.middle {
  width: 50%;
}

/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

/* Responsive layout - makes the three columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
  .column.side, .column.middle {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* Style the footer */
.footer {
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding: 10px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>Header</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the responsive effect.</p>
</div>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="column side">
    <h2>Side</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column middle">
    <h2>Main Content</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique. Quisque vehicula, risus eget aliquam placerat, purus leo tincidunt eros, eget luctus quam orci in velit. Praesent scelerisque tortor sed accumsan convallis.</p>
  </div>
  
  <div class="column side">
    <h2>Side</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit..</p>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="footer">
  <p>Footer</p>
</div>
  
</body>
</html>



响应式网站布局

通过使用上面的一些 CSS 代码,我们创建了一个响应式网站布局,该布局根据屏幕宽度在两列和全宽列之间变化:

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
  font-family: Arial;
  padding: 10px;
  background: #f1f1f1;
}

/* Header/Blog Title */
.header {
  padding: 30px;
  text-align: center;
  background: white;
}

.header h1 {
  font-size: 50px;
}

/* Style the top navigation bar */
.topnav {
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: #333;
}

/* Style the topnav links */
.topnav a {
  float: left;
  display: block;
  color: #f2f2f2;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change color on hover */
.topnav a:hover {
  background-color: #ddd;
  color: black;
}

/* Create two unequal columns that floats next to each other */
/* Left column */
.leftcolumn {   
  float: left;
  width: 75%;
}

/* Right column */
.rightcolumn {
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  padding-left: 20px;
}

/* Fake image */
.fakeimg {
  background-color: #aaa;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 20px;
}

/* Add a card effect for articles */
.card {
  background-color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

/* Clear floats after the columns */
.row::after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  background: #ddd;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

/* Responsive layout - when the screen is less than 800px wide, make the two columns stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
  .leftcolumn, .rightcolumn {   
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0;
  }
}

/* Responsive layout - when the screen is less than 400px wide, make the navigation links stack on top of each other instead of next to each other */
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
  .topnav a {
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
  }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<div class="header">
  <h1>My Website</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>
</div>

<div class="topnav">
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#">Link</a>
  <a href="#" style="float:right">Link</a>
</div>

<div class="row">
  <div class="leftcolumn">
    <div class="card">
      <h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
      <h5>Title description, Dec 7, 2017</h5>
      <div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
      <p>Some text..</p>
      <p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="card">
      <h2>TITLE HEADING</h2>
      <h5>Title description, Sep 2, 2017</h5>
      <div class="fakeimg" style="height:200px;">Image</div>
      <p>Some text..</p>
      <p>Sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="rightcolumn">
    <div class="card">
      <h2>About Me</h2>
      <div class="fakeimg" style="height:100px;">Image</div>
      <p>Some text about me in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim..</p>
    </div>
    <div class="card">
      <h3>Popular Post</h3>
      <div class="fakeimg"><p>Image</p></div>
      <div class="fakeimg"><p>Image</p></div>
      <div class="fakeimg"><p>Image</p></div>
    </div>
    <div class="card">
      <h3>Follow Me</h3>
      <p>Some text..</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="footer">
  <h2>Footer</h2>
</div>

</body>
</html>