CSS 布局 - z-index 属性


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z-index 属性指定 元素的堆栈顺序。


z-index 属性

当元素被定位时,它们可以与其他元素重叠。

z-index 属性指定元素的堆栈顺序(哪个元素应放置在其他元素的前面或后面)。

元素可以具有正或负的堆栈顺序:

This is a heading

Because the image has a z-index of -1, it will be placed behind the text.

例子

img
{
   
position: absolute;
  left: 0px;
   
top: 0px;
   
z-index: -1;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0px;
  top: 0px;
  z-index: -1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<img src="img_tree.png">
<p>Because the image has a z-index of -1, it will be placed behind the text.</p>

</body>
</html>


注意: z-index 仅适用于定位元素(位置:绝对, 位置:相对、位置:固定或位置:粘性)和弹性项目 (属于 display 的直接子元素的元素:flex 元素)。



另一个 z-index 示例

例子

在这里我们看到具有较大堆栈顺序的元素总是位于具有较低堆栈顺序的元素之上:

 <html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
  position: relative;
}
  
.black-box {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  
  border: 2px solid black;
  height: 100px;
  margin: 30px;
}
.gray-box {
  
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3;
  background: lightgray;
  height: 60px; 
  
  width: 70%;
  left: 50px;
  top: 50px;
}
.green-box {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  background: lightgreen;
  
  width: 35%;
  left: 270px;
  top: -15px;
  height: 
  100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container">
  <div 
  class="black-box">Black box</div>
  <div class="gray-box">Gray 
  box</div>
  <div class="green-box">Green box</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
  position: relative;
}

.black-box {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border: 2px solid black;
  height: 100px;
  margin: 30px;
}

.gray-box {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 3; /* gray box will be above both green and black box */
  background: lightgray;
  height: 60px;  
  width: 70%;
  left: 50px;
  top: 50px;
}

.green-box {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2; /* green box will be above black box */
  background: lightgreen;
  width: 35%;
  left: 270px;
  top: -15px;
  height: 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Z-index Example</h1>

<p>An element with greater stack order is always above an element with a lower stack order.</p>

<div class="container">
  <div class="black-box">Black box (z-index: 1)</div>
  <div class="gray-box">Gray box (z-index: 3)</div>
  <div class="green-box">Green box (z-index: 2)</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>



没有 z 索引

如果两个定位元素在没有 z-index 的情况下相互重叠 指定后,HTML 代码中最后定义的元素将显示在顶部。

例子

与上面的示例相同,但这里没有指定 z-index:

 <html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
  position: relative;
}
  
.black-box {
  position: relative;
  
  border: 2px solid black;
  height: 100px;
  margin: 30px;
}
.gray-box {
  
  position: absolute;
  background: lightgray;
  height: 60px; 
  
  width: 70%;
  left: 50px;
  top: 50px;
}
.green-box {
  position: absolute;
  background: lightgreen;
  
  width: 35%;
  left: 270px;
  top: -15px;
  height: 
  100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container">
  <div 
  class="black-box">Black box</div>
  <div class="gray-box">Gray 
  box</div>
  <div class="green-box">Green box</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.container {
  position: relative;
}

.black-box {
  position: relative;
  border: 2px solid black;
  height: 100px;
  margin: 30px;
}

.gray-box {
  position: absolute;
  background: lightgray;
  height: 60px;  
  width: 70%;
  left: 50px;
  top: 50px;
}

.green-box {
  position: absolute;
  background: lightgreen;
  width: 35%;
  left: 270px;
  top: -15px;
  height: 100px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Overlapping elements</h1>

<p>If two positioned elements overlap each other without a z-index specified,
the element defined last in the HTML code will be shown on top:</p>

<div class="container">
  <div class="black-box">Black box</div>
  <div class="gray-box">Gray box</div>
  <div class="green-box">Green box</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>




CSS 属性

z-index

设置元素的堆栈顺序