Bootstrap 5:容器


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Bootstrap 5 容器

您从上一章了解到 Bootstrap 需要一个包含 元素来包装网站内容。

容器用于填充里面的内容 其中,有两个可用的容器类:

  1. .container 类提供响应式固定宽度容器

  2. .container-fluid 类提供一个全宽容器,跨越视口的整个宽度

.container
.container-fluid

固定集装箱

使用 .container 类创建响应式、固定宽度的容器。

请注意,它的宽度(max-width)会在不同的屏幕尺寸上发生变化:

Extra small
<576px
Small
≥576px
Medium
≥768px
Large
≥992px
Extra Large
≥1200px
XXL
≥1400px
max-width 100% 540px 720px 960px 1140px 1320px

打开下面的示例并调整浏览器窗口的大小,可以看到容器宽度在不同的断点处会发生变化:

例子

 <div class="container">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This is some text.</p> 
</div>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This part is inside a .container class.</p>
  <p>The .container class provides a responsive fixed width container.</p>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see that the container width will change at different breakpoints.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

XXL 断点(≥1400px)是 Bootstrap 5 中的断点,而 Bootstrap 4 中最大的断点是 Extra Large(≥1200px)。

Fluid(全宽容器)容器

使用 .container-fluid 类创建一个全宽容器,它将始终跨越屏幕的整个宽度(宽度 始终为 100%):

例子

 <div class="container-fluid">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This is some text.</p> 
</div>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container-fluid">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This part is inside a .container-fluid class.</p>
  <p>The .container-fluid class provides a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.</p>     
</div>

</body>
</html>

集装箱填料

默认情况下,容器具有左内边距和右内边距,没有顶部或底部内边距。因此,我们经常使用间距实用程序,例如额外的填充和边距,以使它们看起来更好。例如, .pt-5 表示“添加一个大的顶部填充”:

例子

 <div class="container pt-5"></div>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container pt-5">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This container has an extra top padding.</p>
  <p>Try to remove the .pt-5 class to see the difference.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

容器边框和颜色

其他实用程序,例如边框和颜色,也经常与容器一起使用:

例子

<div class="container p-5 my-5 border"></div>
<div class="container p-5 my-5 bg-dark text-white"></div>
<div class="container p-5 my-5 bg-primary text-white"></div>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container p-5 my-5 border">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This container has a border and some extra padding and margins.</p>
</div>

<div class="container p-5 my-5 bg-dark text-white">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This container has a dark background color and a white text, and some extra padding and margins.</p>
</div>

<div class="container p-5 my-5 bg-primary text-white">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This container has a blue background color and a white text, and some extra padding and margins.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

您将在后面的章节中了解有关颜色和边框实用程序的更多信息。

响应式容器

您还可以使用 .container-sm|md|lg|xl 类来确定容器何时应响应。

容器的最大宽度将在不同的屏幕尺寸/视口上发生变化:

Class Extra small
<576px
Small
≥576px
Medium
≥768px
Large
≥992px
Extra large
≥1200px
XXL
≥1400px
.container-sm 100% 540px 720px 960px 1140px 1320px
.container-md 100% 100% 720px 960px 1140px 1320px
.container-lg 100% 100% 100% 960px 1140px 1320px
.container-xl 100% 100% 100% 100% 1140px 1320px
.container-xxl 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 1320px

例子

<div class="container-sm">.container-sm</div>
<div class="container-md">.container-md</div>
<div class="container-lg">.container-lg</div>
<div class="container-xl">.container-xl</div>
<div class="container-xxl">.container-xxl</div>

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  
<div class="container pt-3">
  <h1>Responsive Containers</h1>
  <p>Resize the browser window to see the effect.</p>
</div>

<div class="container-sm border">.container-sm</div>
<div class="container-md mt-3 border">.container-md</div>
<div class="container-lg mt-3 border">.container-lg</div>
<div class="container-xl mt-3 border">.container-xl</div>
<div class="container-xxl mt-3 border">.container-xxl</div>

</body>
</html>