使用 apply()
方法,您可以编写一个可以在不同的情况下使用的方法 对象。
apply()
方法apply()
方法类似于 call()
方法(上一章)。
在此示例中,person 的 fullName 方法在 person1 上应用:
const person = {
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName: "Mary",
lastName: "Doe"
}
// This will return "Mary Doe":
person.fullName.apply(person1);
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>In this example the fulllName method of person is <b>applied</b> on person1:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.apply(person1);
</script>
</body>
</html>
call()
和 apply()
之间的区别区别在于:
call()
方法单独接受参数。
apply()
方法将参数作为数组。
如果您想使用数组而不是参数列表,则 apply() 方法非常方便。
apply()
方法apply()
方法接受数组中的参数:
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName
+ "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>In this example the fulllName method of person is <b>applied</b> on person1:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.apply(person1, ["Oslo", "Norway"]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
与 call()
方法相比:
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName
+ "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Functions</h2>
<p>This example calls the fullName method of person, using it on person1:
</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
const person = {
fullName: function(city, country) {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName + "," + city + "," + country;
}
}
const person1 = {
firstName:"John",
lastName: "Doe"
}
const person2 = {
firstName:"Mary",
lastName: "Doe"
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = person.fullName.call(person1, "Oslo", "Norway");
</script>
</body>
</html>
您可以使用 Math.max()
方法找到最大的数字(在数字列表中):
Math.max(1,2,3); // Will return 3
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript Math.max()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in a list of number arguments:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max(1,2,3);
</script>
</body>
</html>
由于 JavaScript 数组 没有 max() 方法,因此您可以应用 改为 Math.max()
方法。
Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(null, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
第一个参数(空)并不重要。本例中未使用它。
这些示例将给出相同的结果:
Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(Math, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(" ", [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]); // Will also return 3
自己尝试一下 →
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>JavaScript apply()</h2>
<p>This example returns the highest number in an array of numbers:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = Math.max.apply(0, [1,2,3]);
</script>
</body>
</html>
在 JavaScript 严格模式下,如果 apply()
方法的第一个参数不是对象, 它成为被调用函数的所有者(对象)。 在“非严格”模式下,它成为全局对象。