CSS 垂直导航栏

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垂直导航栏

要构建垂直导航栏，除了上一页的代码之外，您还可以设置列表内 <a> 元素的样式：

例子

li a
{
   
display: block;
   
width: 60px;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  width: 60px;
  background-color: #dddddd;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<p>A background color is added to the links to show the link area.</p>
<p>Notice that the whole link area is clickable, not just the text.</p>

</body>
</html>

示例解释：

display: block;

- 将链接显示为块元素使整个链接区域可点击（不仅仅是文本），并且它允许我们指定宽度（如果需要，还可以指定填充、边距、高度等）

width: 60px;

- 块元素默认占据可用的全部宽度。我们想要指定 60 像素宽度

还可以设置<ul>的宽度，去掉<a>的宽度， 因为当显示为块元素时它们将占据可用的完整宽度。 这将产生与前面的示例相同的结果：

例子

  ul
{
    
list-style-type: none;
    
margin: 0;
    
padding: 0;
  width: 60px;
}

li
a
{
    
display: block;
}

自己尝试一下 →

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 60px;
} 

li a {
  display: block;
  background-color: #dddddd;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<p>A background color is added to the links to show the link area.</p>
<p>Notice that the whole link area is clickable, not just the text.</p>

</body>
</html>

垂直导航栏示例

创建一个基本的垂直导航栏，背景色为灰色 当用户将鼠标移到链接上时更改链接的背景颜色 他们：

例子

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  
margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 
200px;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
}
li a {
  display: 
block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}
/* 
Change the link color on hover */
li a:hover {
  
background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 200px;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Change the link color on hover */
li a:hover {
  background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Vertical Navigation Bar</h2>

<ul>
  <li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

活动/当前导航链接

在当前链接中添加一个“active”类，让用户知道他/她在哪个页面：

例子

.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
  
color: white;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 200px;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
  color: white;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Vertical Navigation Bar</h2>
<p>In this example, we create an "active" class with a green background color and a white text. The class is added to the "Home" link.</p>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

居中链接并添加边框

将 text-align:center 添加到 <li> 或 <a> 以使链接居中。

添加 border 属性以 <ul> 在导航栏周围添加边框。如果你也想要 导航栏内的边框，将 border-bottom 添加到所有 <li> 元素，除了 最后一个：

例子

ul {
  border: 1px solid #555;
}
li {
  text-align: center;
    
border-bottom: 1px solid #555;
}
li:last-child {
  
border-bottom: none;
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 200px;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  border: 1px solid #555;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li {
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #555;
}

li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

li a.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
  color: white;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h2>Vertical Navigation Bar</h2>
<p>In this example, we center the navigation links and add a border to the navigation bar.</p>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

</body>
</html>

全高固定垂直导航栏

创建一个全高的“粘性”侧边导航：

例子

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  
margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 
25%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  height: 100%; /* Full height */
    position: fixed; /* 
Make it stick, even on scroll */
  
overflow: auto; /* Enable scrolling if the sidenav has too much content */
}

自己尝试一下→

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
  margin: 0;
}

ul {
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  width: 25%;
  background-color: #f1f1f1;
  position: fixed;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
}

li a {
  display: block;
  color: #000;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

li a.active {
  background-color: #04AA6D;
  color: white;
}

li a:hover:not(.active) {
  background-color: #555;
  color: white;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<ul>
  <li><a class="active" href="#home">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
  <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
  <li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
</ul>

<div style="margin-left:25%;padding:1px 16px;height:1000px;">
  <h2>Fixed Full-height Side Nav</h2>
  <h3>Try to scroll this area, and see how the sidenav sticks to the page</h3>
  <p>Notice that this div element has a left margin of 25%. This is because the side navigation is set to 25% width. If you remove the margin, the sidenav will overlay/sit on top of this div.</p>
  <p>Also notice that we have set overflow:auto to sidenav. This will add a scrollbar when the sidenav is too long (for example if it has over 50 links inside of it).</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
  <p>Some text..</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

注意：此示例可能无法在移动设备上正常运行。